Divinatory Practices
Divinatory practices are methods used to obtain information about unknown things, such as future events. Anthropologically, tarot cards are considered a “deliberate noninspirational” form of divination, as readers set out to read the cards, and the cards would be considered oracular devices being manipulated (Stein and Stein 2015)
Methods and Techniques of Tarot Divination
One example of the divinatory methods intertwined with Tarot is the most standard practice of shuffling and drawing cards. This practice is both ritualistic and practical, as it is believed to imbue the querent’s energy into the cards while speaking to a specific inquiry or focus (Regan 2020). Various methods of shuffing used by readers include the overhand shuffle and the riffle shuffle (Healing Thru Tarot 2022).
Another method, used to varying degrees by both interviewees, is intuitive reading. This method relies on the reader or querent’s personal connection with the cards, as well as their ability to access their intuition around various symbols (Purely Therapeutic 2023).
Other methods of Tarot divination include connections with elemental associations, as well as techniques that connect with astrology (explored later down) and numerology. These provide each card with certain correspondences, creating a fuller picture that may resonate more deeply with the querent or reader’s worldview.
Comparative Analysis
This section delves into three divinatory methods alongside the Tarot, aiming to deepen our understanding of how divination operates as a universal yet culturally specific practice that mirrors and influences the beliefs, identities, and social structures of diverse communities. Throughout the ages, nearly every culture or tradition has participated in divination in various capacities, utilizing it as a tool to communicate with hidden forces, uncover concealed knowledge, and harness symbolism for life-altering decisions (Greenberg 2023; Lundberg et al. 2023).
The ancient Egyptians employed divination techniques such as dream analysis and the examination of animal entrails to solicit guidance from their deities (Aset 2023). Similarly, the Chinese practice of the I Ching, which we will explore in this section, has served as a form of divination for centuries, offering glimpses into forthcoming events (Hon 2019). Additionally, numerous Indigenous cultures worldwide maintain traditional divinatory practices, such as interpreting natural signs or discerning messages from smoke and fire patterns, to receive spiritual counsel (Guzy 2024).
Astrology
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Astrology, one of the oldest known forms of divination, is based on the belief that the positions and movements of celestial bodies influence human affairs and natural phenomena (Stein and Stein 2015). Rooted in ancient Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greco-Roman traditions, astrology interprets the alignment of stars, planets, and other celestial entities to predict events and provide insight into personal and collective destinies.
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Both tarot and astrology rely on complex symbolic systems: tarot uses visual imagery, while astrology uses celestial positions and mythological connections. Historically, astrology has influenced and been influenced by various cultural and philosophical frameworks, while tarot evolved from a medieval card game to an esoteric tool. In practice, astrological readings involve casting natal charts, a technical process requiring expertise, while tarot readings are more interactive and visually engaging. Both practices are integrated into modern life, with astrology appearing in horoscopes and personal readings, and tarot used in therapy and spiritual counseling. Psychologically, astrology offers a cosmic perspective on personality and life cycles, while tarot facilitates deep introspection through its rich imagery.
I Ching
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The I Ching, or Book of Changes, is an ancient Chinese divinatory text and philosophical system that uses a set of 64 hexagrams to provide guidance and insight (Hon 2019) Each hexagram, composed of six lines (either broken or unbroken), represents a unique state or process of change. Practitioners interpret these hexagrams to understand the dynamics of situations and make informed decisions.
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Both the I Ching and tarot employ symbolic systems: the I Ching uses hexagrams representing universal states, requiring extensive study to interpret, while tarot uses accessible visual symbols. The I Ching, deeply embedded in Chinese culture and philosophy, contrasts with tarot's Western esoteric roots. I Ching readings involve casting yarrow sticks or coins, emphasizing contemplation, while tarot readings are more dynamic. Both systems help individuals navigate uncertainty, though the I Ching focuses on harmony and balance, and tarot on individual narratives. Psychologically, the I Ching aids in understanding life's complexities, while tarot offers tools for introspection and emotional processing.
Runes
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Runes are an ancient alphabetic script used by Germanic and Nordic peoples for writing, divination, and magic. Each rune symbol represents a specific phonetic sound and carries inherent symbolic meanings related to various aspects of life, nature, and the cosmos. Runes are typically cast or drawn in divinatory practices to gain insight and guidance (“Runic Alphabet | Writing System” 2019).
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Both use symbolic systems for divination, but runes are concise and potent, while tarot offers expansive storytelling. Runes have historical uses in communication and magic, with a revival in modern spiritual practices. Runes are cast in meditative rituals, while tarot involves shuffling and laying out cards (“Runic Alphabet | Writing System” 2019). Both practices emphasize performative divination, offering insights through symbolic interpretation. Runes connect individuals with ancestral wisdom and inner strengths, while tarot facilitates self-reflection and emotional healing. Despite their different cultural and historical backgrounds, both provide therapeutic benefits through their distinct symbolic languages (Kinkaid n.d.).